Decreased serum calcium values are found in hypoparathyroidism, rickets, osteiomalacia and steatorrhea. A fall in serum calcium can occun in acute pancreatitis and in those forms of renal disease in which excessive proteinuria is observed. Increased serum calcium values are observed in hyperparathyroidism, hypervitamonosis D and multiple myeloma.
Uric acid is the end product of nucleoprotein metabolism. It is a low threshold excretory product. the serum uric acid level is ofter raised in gout. the determination has diagnostic value differentiating gout from non gout arthritis. uric acid levels are also increased in renal failure, uremia and leukemia.
METHOD : C.L.I.A. (By Beckman Coulter)
PRIMARY SAMPLE : SERUM
Vitamin D is a precursor of the steroid hormone 1,25-(OH)2D3 which binds to and activates the transcription factorVDR (Vitamin D receptor).The vitamin D-VDR complex regulates2-3% of the human genome and thus has a major influence on the human organism. Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main source of vitamin D. Sources of vitamin D in the diet include fatty fish such as herring and salmon. Vitamin D Insufficiency Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health problem. Several population studies have identified widespread 25-OH insufficiency in apparently otherwise healthy populations.Indication of Vitamin D measurement
Suspicion of vitamin D insufficiency/ Pregnancy/ Liver diseases/ Kidney diseases/ Estimation of the cardiovascular risk/ Determination of the nutrive/vitamin D status/ Suspicion of Vitamin D-Intoxication
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).
Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin, is a complex corrinoid compound found exclusively from animal dietary sources, such as meat, eggs and milk. It is critical in normal DNA synthesis, which in turn affects erythrocyte maturation and in the formation of myelin sheath. Vitamin-B12 is used to find out neurological abnormalities and impaired DNA synthesis associated with macrocytic anemias. For diagnostic purpose, results should always be assessed in conjunction with the patients medical history, clinical examination and other findings.
COMMENT
This test indicates the presence or absence of IGM and IGG antibodies against Wucheria bancrofti in the sample. Absence of antibodies does not exclude Filariasis caused by other nematode species Filariasis is caused predominantly by two closely related nematodes namely Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. 90% of the infections are caused by W.bancrofti affecting nearly 90 million individuals worldwide.
NOTE- Species that cause lymphatic filariasis have microfilarial levels that tend to peak at night, so it is recommended to collect samples between 10:00 pm and 2:00 am.
Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen are observed in pre renal , renal and post renal conditions .
Pre renal conditions .. diabetes mellitius, dehydration, cardiac failure , hematemesis, severe burns, high fever etc..
Renal conditions.. disease of kidneys.
Post renal conditions.. inlargement of prostate, stones in the urinary tract, tumor of the bladder . Decreased values have been reported in severe liver disease, protein malnutrition & pregnency.