Methodology: Sedimentation

Factors increasing ESR -Old age -Pregnancy -Anemia -Elevated fibrinogen -Macrocytosis 

Factors decreasing ESR -Microcytosis -Low fibrinogen -Polycythemia -Marked leukocytosis

Decreased serum calcium values are found in hypoparathyroidism, rickets, osteiomalacia and steatorrhea. A fall in serum calcium can occun in acute pancreatitis and in those forms of renal disease in which excessive proteinuria is observed. Increased serum calcium values are observed in hyperparathyroidism, hypervitamonosis D and multiple myeloma.

Uric acid is the end product of nucleoprotein metabolism. It is a low threshold excretory product. the serum uric acid level is ofter raised in gout. the determination has diagnostic value differentiating gout from non gout arthritis. uric acid levels are also increased in renal failure, uremia and leukemia.

METHOD: IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC

 The C -Reactive protein is normal alpha- globulin and it is elevated in patients who have an inflammatory conditions of infectious or noninfectious origin. The test is non specific and the resuts frequently overlap ESR values. The findings can be useful as a simple index of the disease ativity and treatment status.

:- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

METHOD: IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium (synovitis) secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development of pannus in the synovium. The pathology of the disease process often leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis can also produce diffuse inflammation in the lungs, pericardium, pleura, and sclera, and also nodular lesions, most common in subcutaneous tissue. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, autoimmunity plays a pivotal role in both its chronicity and progression, and RA is considered a systemic autoimmune disease.

RA test is performed to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor in the serum of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

"O" Negative is known as universal doner.

"AB" Positive is known as universal recepient.

* Lab is not responsible for patient's identification.

SUGGESTED : - CROSS CHECK AND CROSS MATCHING MUST BE DONE BEFORE BLOOD TRANSFUSION.

METHOD :- HPLC for HbA1C  by LD 500 (AspenA1c)

(NGSP Certified)

Glycosylated Haeamoglobin Blood :-

Current methods of assessing control in patient with diabtes mellitus include measurement of blood and plasma. These glucose measurements reflect acute changes and not the long term aspects of diabetic control. A more useful technique for assessing the control of diabetes is the measurement of glycosylated haemoglobins that is haemoglobin with glucose or glucose phosphate moieties bound to the amino terminal valine of one or both beta chaings.

The level of haemoglobin Alc, which comose 3% to 6% of the total haemoglobin in healthy individuals is proportional to both the average glucose concentration and the life span of the red blood cells in the circulation.The measurement or HbA1C has therefore been accepted for the clinical management of diabetes through routine monitoring.

Increased level of HbA1C correlate  with lack of glucose control. In diabetics with good glucose control the amount of HbA1C may return to the reference interval. specimens for patients with hemolytic anemia  will exhibit decrease glycosylated haemoglobin values due to shorted life span of the red cells.

specimens from patients with polycythemia or post-splenectomy may exhibit increase glycosylated haemoglobin values due to a somewhat longer life span of the red cells.

Method:- CLIA ( Beckman Coulter)

The T3 test is particularly useful in diagnosing hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid overproduces hormones, causing symptoms such as a fast heart rate, weight loss, trembling and sweating

METHOD:CLIA (By Beckman Coulter )

This test is done to check your thyroid function. Thyroid function is complex and depends on the action of many different thyroid hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and T3 (triiodothyronine).

You may order this test if you have signs of a thyroid disorder, including:
Hyperthyroidism/Hypopituitarism/ Hypothyroidism - primary/ Hypothyroidism - secondary/Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis

Method:- CLIA ( Beckman Coulter) (3rd Generation)

REFERENCE RANGE IN PREGNANCY:

Clinical Significant:

Low TSH blood test results indicate an underactive thyroid gland, that is, hypothyroidism. This means that the thyroid gland is not producing thyroid hormones to the optimum level. The pituitary gland releases more TSH hormones to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more hormone. A high TSH level indicates some acute or chronic problems related to thyroid dysfunction. High TSH blood test results also indicate that there may be some problem with the pituitary gland. A tumor may cause high TSH levels to be secreted by the pituitary gland. Patients who have undergone thyroid gland removal surgery may also show high TSH blood tests results. This means they are not begin administered the correct dose of thyroid medication that keeps the hormone production in check. You can read more on blood test results explained.

METHOD    :   C.L.I.A. (By Beckman Coulter)

PRIMARY SAMPLE :   SERUM

Vitamin D is a precursor of the steroid hormone 1,25-(OH)2D3 which binds to and activates the transcription factorVDR (Vitamin D receptor).The vitamin D-VDR complex regulates2-3% of the human genome and thus has a major influence on the human organism. Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main source of vitamin D. Sources of vitamin D in the diet include fatty fish such as herring and salmon. Vitamin D Insufficiency Vitamin D deficiency is a major global health problem. Several population studies have identified widespread 25-OH insufficiency in apparently otherwise healthy populations.Indication of Vitamin D measurement

Suspicion of vitamin D insufficiency/ Pregnancy/ Liver diseases/ Kidney diseases/ Estimation of the cardiovascular risk/ Determination of the nutrive/vitamin D status/ Suspicion of Vitamin D-Intoxication

Method: (FIA) Fluorescence Immunoassay

Clinical Significance :
Anti-Cyclic-Citrullinated-Peptide (Anti-CCP) Antibodies hold promise for early and more accurate detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis before the disease proceeds into an irreversible damage.
Analytical Specifications :
Anti-Cyclic-Citrullinated-Peptide (Anti-CCP) antibodies are detected using a solid phase enzyme immuno assay having an analytical sensitivity of 1.0 U/ml. No cross reactivity to other auto antigen is found. Sensitivity of the method is 68% and specificity is 92%.