Decreased serum calcium values are found in hypoparathyroidism, rickets, osteiomalacia and steatorrhea. A fall in serum calcium can occun in acute pancreatitis and in those forms of renal disease in which excessive proteinuria is observed. Increased serum calcium values are observed in hyperparathyroidism, hypervitamonosis D and multiple myeloma.
Uric acid is the end product of nucleoprotein metabolism. It is a low threshold excretory product. the serum uric acid level is ofter raised in gout. the determination has diagnostic value differentiating gout from non gout arthritis. uric acid levels are also increased in renal failure, uremia and leukemia.
METHOD: IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC
The C -Reactive protein is normal alpha- globulin and it is elevated in patients who have an inflammatory conditions of infectious or noninfectious origin. The test is non specific and the resuts frequently overlap ESR values. The findings can be useful as a simple index of the disease ativity and treatment status.
NOTE : - TO BE CONFIRMED BY ELISA OR OTHER METHOD.
HBsAg is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current hepatitis B infection.
These antigen-proteins can be genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen test, which detects the presence of HBV. It is present in the sera of patients with viral hepatitis B (with or without clinical symptoms). Patients who developed antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg seroconversion) are usually considered non-infectious. HBsAg detection by immunoassay is used in blood screening, to establish a diagnosis of hepatitis B infection in the clinical setting (in combination with other disease markers) and to monitor antiviral treatment.
Positive HBsAg tests can be due to recent vaccination against Hepatitis B virus but this positivity is unlikely to persist beyond 14 days post-vaccination
NOTE : RAPID TEST IS NOT A CONFIRMATORY TEST PLEASE CONFIRM WITH E.L.I.S.A OR OTHER CONFIRMATORY TEST.
HIV tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in serum, saliva, or urine. Such tests may detect antibodies, antigens, or RNA.
NOTE : - TO BE CONFIRMED BY ELISA OR OTHER METHOD.
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).[1] The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices
Method:- CLIA ( Beckman Coulter)
The T3 test is particularly useful in diagnosing hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid overproduces hormones, causing symptoms such as a fast heart rate, weight loss, trembling and sweating
METHOD:CLIA (By Beckman Coulter )
This test is done to check your thyroid function. Thyroid function is complex and depends on the action of many different thyroid hormones, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and T3 (triiodothyronine).
You may order this test if you have signs of a thyroid disorder, including:
Hyperthyroidism/Hypopituitarism/ Hypothyroidism - primary/ Hypothyroidism - secondary/Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Method:- CLIA ( Beckman Coulter) (3rd Generation)
REFERENCE RANGE IN PREGNANCY:
| 1st Trimester : 0.10 - 2.50 µIu/Ml |
| 2nd Trimester : 0.20 - 3.00 µIu/Ml |
| 3rd Trimester : 0.30 - 3.00 µIu/Ml |
Clinical Significant:
Low TSH blood test results indicate an underactive thyroid gland, that is, hypothyroidism. This means that the thyroid gland is not producing thyroid hormones to the optimum level. The pituitary gland releases more TSH hormones to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more hormone. A high TSH level indicates some acute or chronic problems related to thyroid dysfunction. High TSH blood test results also indicate that there may be some problem with the pituitary gland. A tumor may cause high TSH levels to be secreted by the pituitary gland. Patients who have undergone thyroid gland removal surgery may also show high TSH blood tests results. This means they are not begin administered the correct dose of thyroid medication that keeps the hormone production in check. You can read more on blood test results explained.
Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen are observed in pre renal , renal and post renal conditions .
Pre renal conditions .. diabetes mellitius, dehydration, cardiac failure , hematemesis, severe burns, high fever etc..
Renal conditions.. disease of kidneys.
Post renal conditions.. inlargement of prostate, stones in the urinary tract, tumor of the bladder . Decreased values have been reported in severe liver disease, protein malnutrition & pregnency.