Decreased serum calcium values are found in hypoparathyroidism, rickets, osteiomalacia and steatorrhea. A fall in serum calcium can occun in acute pancreatitis and in those forms of renal disease in which excessive proteinuria is observed. Increased serum calcium values are observed in hyperparathyroidism, hypervitamonosis D and multiple myeloma.
Uric acid is the end product of nucleoprotein metabolism. It is a low threshold excretory product. the serum uric acid level is ofter raised in gout. the determination has diagnostic value differentiating gout from non gout arthritis. uric acid levels are also increased in renal failure, uremia and leukemia.
METHOD: IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC
The C -Reactive protein is normal alpha- globulin and it is elevated in patients who have an inflammatory conditions of infectious or noninfectious origin. The test is non specific and the resuts frequently overlap ESR values. The findings can be useful as a simple index of the disease ativity and treatment status.
Methodology: Sedimentation
Factors increasing ESR -Old age -Pregnancy -Anemia -Elevated fibrinogen -Macrocytosis
Factors decreasing ESR -Microcytosis -Low fibrinogen -Polycythemia -Marked leukocytosis